a suspended concrete slab refers to a horizontal structural element that is elevated above the ground or another floor level. Unlike ground slabs, which are directly supported by the earth, suspended slabs are supported by beams, columns, or walls. They are commonly used in multi-story buildings, parking structures, and other commercial edifices where floors need to be elevated.

a suspended ceiling, also known as a drop ceiling or false ceiling, is a secondary ceiling that is hung below the main structural ceiling. It is commonly used in commercial buildings for various functional and aesthetic purposes.

the term "stud" typically refers to the vertical framing members used in wall and partition systems. These studs are made of wood, metal, or engineered wood products and serve as the structural support for the walls.

A string course, also known as a belt course, is a horizontal band of decorative masonry that extends across the face of a building or around features such as columns and pilasters . In the context of Australian commercial construction projects, a string course is used to bring contrast and break up expansive areas of brickwork or rende

a "stretcher" refers to a type of brick used in bricklaying. It is a brick that is laid with its longer side facing the front of the wall, exposing more surface area compared to other brick laying techniques.

The term "Straight Edge" in Australian commercial construction projects refers to a high level of quality and precision in the construction process. It is a philosophy and approach that emphasizes attention to detail, accuracy, and consistency in all aspects of the project.

a "storey rod" (also known as a "story pole" or "story stick" in other regions) is a tool used by builders and carpenters to ensure consistent and accurate measurements across different levels or sections of a building. It is typically a long, straight piece of wood or metal marked with important measurements and reference points, such as the heights of floors, windows, doors, and other architectural features.

the term "stop" or "stopping" refers to the process of filling gaps, holes, or cavities in walls, floors, or ceilings with a suitable material to create a smooth and finished surface. This process is commonly used to achieve a neat and professional appearance in construction projects.

a stool refers to a support used in reinforced concrete to ensure adequate cover for the bottom reinforcement . This is a crucial component in concrete construction as it helps maintain the correct positioning of the reinforcement, thereby adding strength to the structure and controlling cracking of the concrete .

stirrups refer to closed-loop steel reinforcements used in concrete structures, particularly in columns and beams . Their primary function is to resist shear stress in reinforced concrete beams, which can be vertical or inclined

Steel frame construction is a popular method used in Australian commercial construction projects due to its strength, durability, and versatility. This construction technique involves creating a skeletal framework of steel columns and beams to support floors, roofs, and walls of a building.

a splice joint refers to a method used to connect two structural elements end-to-end to form a continuous member. This type of joint is commonly used in steel and timber construction.

"specifications" or "specs" refer to detailed, written descriptions of the materials, workmanship, and standards required to complete a construction project. They serve as a guide for contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers to ensure that the project is built according to the design intent and meets the required standards.

a "spandrel" typically refers to the space or panel located between two architectural elements. Specifically, in multi-story buildings, a spandrel is the area between the top of a window on one floor and the sill of the window directly above it on the next floor. This space can be filled with various materials, such as glass, metal, or stone, and is often used to conceal structural elements or mechanical systems.