In the context of commercial construction projects in Australia, a crane is defined as a plant item used to raise or lower a load, as well as move a load horizontally . Cranes can be fixed (e.g., tower, bridge, gantry, portal boom) or mobile, and are an essential part of modern civil, residential, and commercial construction .

Cranes used in commercial construction projects in Australia must meet the following requirements:

1. Design and construction: Cranes must be designed and constructed to meet the relevant Australian Standards, including AS 1418.1, AS 1418.4, and AS 1418.5. These standards cover the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of cranes, including mobile cranes, tower cranes, and gantry cranes.

2. Stability: Cranes must be stable and capable of withstanding the loads and forces they are subjected to during operation. This includes the weight of the crane itself, the weight of the load being lifted, and any external forces, such as wind or ground movement.

3. Load capacity: Cranes must have a load capacity that is appropriate for the type of work they will be used for. This includes the maximum weight that can be lifted and the maximum radius at which the load can be lifted.

4. Safety devices: Cranes must be equipped with safety devices to prevent accidents and ensure the safe operation of the crane. This includes devices such as load limiters, anti-two block devices, and overload protection systems.

5. Inspection and maintenance: Cranes must be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure they are in good working order and safe to use. This includes visual inspections, functional tests, and maintenance tasks such as lubrication and replacement of worn or damaged parts.

6. Operator training: Crane operators must be trained and certified to operate the crane safely and effectively. This includes training on the operation of the crane, the safe handling of loads, and the use of safety devices and equipment.

7. Site specific requirements: Cranes must be designed and installed to meet the specific requirements of the construction site, including the type of soil, the size and layout of the site, and any other relevant factors.

8. Compliance with BCA requirements: Cranes must comply with the relevant requirements of the BCA, including the performance requirements for buildings and structures, the use of approved materials and methods of construction, and the provision of essential services such as fire safety and access for people with disabilities.